All journals published by Multimedia University (MMU) are committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and integrity. In line with this commitment, MMU journals adhere to the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which provides a comprehensive framework for ethical practices in scholarly publishing. The full COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors can be accessed at www.publicationethics.org.

MMU journals strive to ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness throughout the publication process. All stakeholders, including editors, reviewers, and authors, are expected to uphold the principles of academic honesty, integrity, and responsibility.

For the purposes of this statement, the following terms are defined as:

• Journal: A periodically published collection of peer-reviewed scholarly articles that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in a specific academic field.

• Editor-in-Chief: The lead editor responsible for the strategic direction, quality assurance, and overall editorial management of the journal.

• Editorial Team: Comprising the Editor-in-Chief and appointed members of the editorial board or structure, tasked with maintaining the academic standards of the journal.

• Authors: Individuals or groups who submit original research, reviews, or other scholarly contributions for consideration and publication.

• Reviewers: Experts in relevant fields who provide objective, confidential, and constructive evaluations of manuscript submissions based on the journal’s criteria and scholarly merit.

• MMU Press: The official academic publishing entity of Multimedia University, dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality scholarly research through its portfolio of peer-reviewed journals.

MMU journals do not tolerate any form of unethical behavior, including plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate publication, or undisclosed conflicts of interest. Allegations of misconduct will be handled in accordance with COPE’s recommended procedures.