Quantum Steganography Using BB84 Protocol for Secure Data Hiding in Cover Text
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Many people use the internet for communication, but there is a problem with protecting their information. To ward off the attackers, they need secure communication such as cryptography and steganography techniques. To maintain the security of information, improving the technology of steganography is necessary. In this paper, we propose a novel method to create the secret quantum text steganography more difficult for attackers to intercept. Firstly, the proposed method generates a secret message as a binary string by combining the secret key of the BB84 protocol and message. Then, the secret message is embedded in the first character of each line in the cover text. In the cover text, the first character of each line is changed to the case of the specific character, such as uppercase or lowercase, according to the secret message to be hidden. The cover text uses the English language. Experimental results describe the effectiveness of the proposed method for hiding data within the cover text while maintaining a high level of security. The proposed model is able to secure data transmission because it was difficult for the attacker to reveal or intercept data.
Manuscript received: 05 Dec 2025 | Revised: 08 Apr 2026 | Accepted: 22 May 2026 | Published: 31 Jul 2026
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
M. Htet and S. W. Phyo, “A Novel Text Steganographic Technique Using Specific Alphabets”, Journal of Computer Science, vol.2, no1, pp.1-11, 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31357/jcs.v2i1.2721
P. Y. Surya, H. Senapathi, T.K. Sigatapu. M. Shaik and D. Sasapu, “Novel Text Steganography Approach Using Quantum Key Distribution: Survey Paper”, An Interdisciplinary Journal of Neuroscience and Quantum Physics, vol. 20, no. 30, pp. 923-929, 2022.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.13. NQ88118
A. Kumar and S. Garhwal, “State-of-the-Art Survey of Quantum Cryptography”, Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, vol. 28, pp. 3831-3868, 2021.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-021-09561-2
S. K. Sahu and K. Mazumdar, “State-of-the-art analysis of quantum cryptography: applications and future prospects”, Frontiers in Physics, vol. 12, no. 1456491, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1456491
I. Banerjee, K. Bandyopadhyay, A. Mohan, and A. Kumar, “Quantum Text Steganography Using Numeric Handwriting of Indian Regional Language,” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 42–49, 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v68 i7p207s
D.Lavanya, G. Uma Sai Naresh, B. Bhaskar Sai and K. Purna Chandra Rao,” Quantum Text Steganography by Using BB84 Protocol”, Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol.14, no. 03, pp. 603-611, 2023.
URL: https://jespublication.com/upload/2023-V14I3069.pdf
Alaa Abdullah Idress and Y. H. Ismael, “Proposed Method for Text Steganography”, Journal of Modern Computing and Engineering Research, vol. 2024, pp. 1-8, 2024.
URL: https://jmcer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/PROPOSED-METHOD-FOR-TEXT-STEGANOGRAPHY-2.pdf
R. Joshi, A. Gupta, K. Thapliyal, R. Srikanth, and A. Pathak, “Hide and seek with quantum resources: new and modified protocols for quantum steganography,” Quantum Information Processing, vol. 21, no. 5, 2022.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-022-03514-9
S. P. Yalla, A.Uriti, A. Sethy and S. V. E., “Secure method of communication using Quantum Key Distribution”, Applied and computational engineering, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 32–37, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54254/27552721/30/20230065
M. SujayKumar Reddy, M. Sayan and B. Chandra Mohan, “Comprehensive Study of BB84, A Quantum Key Distribution Protocol”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol.10, no.3, 2023.
URL: https://www.irjet.net/archives/V10/i3/IRJET-V10I3161.pdf
S. Ghosh, H. Mishra, B. K. Behera, and P. K. Panigrahi, “Experimental realization of BB84 protocol with different phase gates and SARG04 protocol”, arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.00308, 2021.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.00308
A-G. Tudorache, V. Manta, and S. Caraiman, “Quantum Steganography Based on the B92 Quantum Protocol”, Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 16, pp. 2870, 2022.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/math10162870
M. Czermann, P. Trócsányi, Z. Kis, B. Kovács, and L. Bacsárdi, “Demonstrating BB84 Quantum Key Distribution in the Physical Layer of an Optical Fiber Based System”, Infocommunications Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 45-55, 2021.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36244/ICJ.2021.3.5
H. Kaur and R. Singh, “A Review on Quantum Key Distribution and BB84 Protocol”, International Journal of Information Technology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 985-994, 2023.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-022-01082-5
M. Usman, S. Latif, and T. Mahmood, “Text Steganography Techniques: A Survey and Performance Analysis”, Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 81, pp. 12415-12445, 2022.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11762-5
Chunduru Anilkumar, Swathi Lenka, N. Neelima, S. V E, “A Secure Method of Communication through BB84 Protocol in Quantum Key Distribution”, Scalable Computing Practice and Experience, vol.25, no.1, pp.25-33, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v25i1.2152
G.Vaishnavi and K.Mayura, “Quantum Cryptography for a Secure Communication”, International Journal of Research in Computer Applications and Information Technology (IJRCAIT), vol.7, no.1, pp.17-29, 2024.
URL:https://ijrcait.com/index.php/home/article/view/IJRCAIT_07_01_003
G. Chris, A. G. Mercy, “The Role of Quantum Crypto graphy in Enhancing Cybersecurity”, International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, vol.5, no.11, pp. 889-907, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.1124. 3135
J. Ahn, H. Kwon, B. Ahn, K. Park, T. Kim, M. Lee, J. Kim and J. Chung, "Toward Quantum Secured Distributed Energy Resources: Adoption of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)," Energies, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 714, 2022.