Blending Optimization on The Fuel Characterization of Sunflower Oil-Pentanol Binary Biofuel Blend
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Abstract
Straight vegetable oil (SVO) such as Pure Sunflower Oil (PSO) is a possible alternative biofuel to petroleum diesel fuel because of its physical qualities identical to fossil fuel. However, the higher viscosity and density of PSO limits its direct use in the combustion engines. This work presents an experimental investigation to determine and optimize the key properties of the Sunflower oil-Pentanol blend, which is potential to be used to replace the existing fossil fuel. This study proposes a binary biofuel blend of pure sunflower oil (PSO) with higher alcohol pentanol (PEN). Pentanol has lower kinematic viscosity, density, and calorific value as compared to PSO. In this study, Mixture design method is used to formulate, optimize, and predict the key properties of this binary biofuel blend. Based on mixture design analysis, a total of 8 blend ratios which varies from 100PSO and 100PEN were proposed. The developed equation and experimental data for the density, kinematic viscosity, and calorific value equations all yielded good results. The predicted values were within 0.012 to 7.14% of the experimental results, showing the accuracy of the developed equations. The blend ratio of 30PSO70PEN was determined to be the most optimal, with response values of density, kinematic viscosity, and calorific value of 875.966 kg/m³, 5.99 mm²/s, and 36068.7 kJ/kg, respectively. All these responses meet the ASTM D6751 requirements for biodiesel and are suitable for use in a Compression Ignition engine.
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